High doses of ethylene diurea (EDU) are not toxic to willow and act as nitrogen fertilizer

被引:25
作者
Agathokleous, Evgenios [1 ]
Paoletti, Elena [2 ]
Saitanis, Costas J. [3 ]
Manning, William J. [4 ]
Shi, Cong [1 ]
Koike, Takayoshi [1 ]
机构
[1] Hokkaido Univ, Silviculture & Forest Ecol Studies, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan
[2] CNR, Inst Sustainable Plant Protect, Via Madonna Piano 10, I-50019 Florence, Italy
[3] Agr Univ Athens, Lab Ecol & Environm Sci, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
[4] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA USA
基金
日本学术振兴会;
关键词
Air pollution; Antiozonant; C4H10N4O2; Ethylenediurea; N-[-2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl)ethyl]-N ' phenylurea; Ozone; GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; AMBIENT OZONE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; ELEVATED CO2; PLANTS; SEEDLINGS; TREES; GROWTH; LEAVES;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.122
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Ethylene diurea (EDU) is synthetic chemical which protects plants against damage caused by ground level O-3 and is used experimentally as a biomonitoring tool at doses usually ranging from 200 to 400 mg L-1 a.i. Although several studies have investigated the protective action of EDU, this mechanism remains unclear. Important uncertainties in EDU action are whether EDU acts as a source of nitrogen (N) to plants and whether high doses are phytotoxic. In order to answer these questions, we conducted an open-field experiment where potted willow (Salix sachalinensis Fr. Schm) plants were exposed to ambient O-3 conditions and treated with 0, 800 or 1600 mg L-1 EDU as a soil drench, every nine days, for about 2.5 months. We examined approximately 50 response variables. Based on N content in different plant organs, we found that (a) all EDU was transferred to the leaves and (b) high doses of EDU increased the leaf N content. However, EDU did not affect the C content and distribution within the plant body. Still, even at the highest dose, EDU was not toxic to this fast-growing species (however such a high dose should not be applied in uncontrolled environments); and there was no EDU persistence in the soil, as indicated by soil N content. Notably, our soil was free from organic matter and N-poor. Key message: EDU per se does not cause toxicity to willow plants when applied as drench to a soil with no organic matter, rather, high EDU doses may act as nitrogen fertilizer in a nitrogen-poor soil. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:841 / 850
页数:10
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