Nutritional situation of enterally fed patients in neurological early rehabilitation and impact of nutritional status on functional outcome

Background & aims: Studies focusing on the nutritional status of neurological and neurosurgical early rehabilitation (NNER) patients are limited. The aim of the current study was to determine the nutritional status of NNER patients upon admission, to observe weight changes and to investigate the influence of nutritional status on complications and outcome. Methods: 109 enterally fed NNER patients were included in this prospective observational study. Weight changes, complications, neurological outcome scores (Early Rehabilitation Index [ERI], Barthel-Index [BI]) and the length of stay (LOS) were recorded. In addition, daily energy requirement was calculated and compared with daily intake to identify under-/optimally- and oversupplied patients. Results: A general weight loss was observed in the study group. Weight changes during rehabilitation differed between men and women as well as between under- and oversupplied patients. Nutritional supply during rehabilitation had no influence on the LOS and the change of neurological outcome scores, but significant differences in the frequency of nosocomial infections was observed between under-/optimally- and oversupplied patients. The nutritional status (weight group on admission) had a crucial impact on neurological outcome scores, indicated by lower BI at discharge in normal-compared to underweight patients. In addition, underweight + undersupplied patients showed a significantly lower improvement of the BI than underweight + oversupplied patients. To the contrary, underweight + oversupplied patients had a higher BI improvement than underweight + optimally supplied patients. Conclusions: The nutritional status upon admission in combination with the nutritional supply during rehabilitation appears to have an impact on changes of neurological outcome scores. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.