Nanomaterials: A review of the definitions, applications, health effects. How to implement secure development

Nanomaterials are an active area of research but also an economic sector in full expansion which addresses many application domains. For instance, French production for the most common nanomaterials (such as silica, titanium dioxide, carbon black) is in the hundreds of thousands of tons. As for any innovation, one must consider the risks and, if necessary, establish rules to protect consumer health and that of the worker. This article addresses in particular difficulties in defining these materials, the state of knowledge on human or environmental toxicity and requirements and agencies in charge of safety. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Publie par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits reserves.