Confertin and scopoletin from leaf and root extracts of Hypochaeris radicata have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities

Hypochaeris radicata is being prescribed by the local healers and Thoda tribals of Nilgiris, the Western Ghats, India for the treatment of inflammation and various other ailments. This study was designed to explore the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of crude extracts, and the two isolated compounds, confertin and scopoletin from methanolic leaf and root extracts respectively in order to confirm the folkloric claim. Their effects were studied using carrageenan induced acute inflammation in rats. Indomethacin was used as the standard drug for comparison. Cytokine assay to measure the levels of proinflammatory mediators, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in serum was made. Histopathological and in vivo antioxidant studies were carried out using standard procedures. Therapeutic potential of the isolated compounds was further studied using PASS software. In acute inflammation, the isolated compounds showed more potent activity by inhibiting the paw oedema than the respective crude extracts. Furthermore, the compounds, confertin and scopoletin (10 mg/kg b.w.) suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 and enhanced more prominent antioxidant activity, which was supported by histopathological observations. The obtained results, therefore, suggest that the compounds, confertin and scopoletin are prominent constituents of this species and they may be used as a remedy for inflammatory disorders. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.