Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars

被引：103

作者：

Lanza, Nina L. ^{[1
]}

Wiens, Roger C. ^{[1
]}

Arvidson, Raymond E. ^{[2
]}

Clark, Benton C. ^{[3
]}

Fischer, Woodward W. ^{[4
]}

Gellert, Ralf ^{[5
]}

Grotzinger, John P. ^{[4
]}

Hurowitz, Joel A. ^{[6
]}

McLennan, Scott M. ^{[6
]}

Morris, Richard V. ^{[7
]}

Rice, Melissa S. ^{[8
]}

Bell, James F., III ^{[9
]}

Berger, Jeffrey A. ^{[10
]}

Blaney, Diana L. ^{[11
]}

Bridges, Nathan T. ^{[12
]}

Calef, Fred, III ^{[11
]}

Campbell, John L. ^{[5
]}

Clegg, Samuel M. ^{[1
]}

Cousin, Agnes ^{[13
]}

Edgett, Kenneth S. ^{[14
]}

Fabre, Cecile ^{[15
]}

Fisk, Martin R. ^{[16
]}

Forni, Olivier ^{[13
]}

Frydenvang, Jens ^{[17
]}

Hardy, Keian R. ^{[18
]}

Hardgrove, Craig ^{[9
]}

Johnson, Jeffrey R. ^{[12
]}

Lasue, Jeremie ^{[13
]}

Le Mouelic, Stephane ^{[19
]}

Malin, Michael C. ^{[14
]}

Mangold, Nicolas ^{[19
]}

Martin-Torres, Javier ^{[20
,21
]}

Maurice, Sylvestre ^{[13
]}

McBride, Marie J. ^{[22
]}

Ming, Douglas W. ^{[7
]}

Newsom, Horton E. ^{[23
]}

Ollila, Ann M. ^{[1
]}

Sautter, Violaine ^{[24
]}

Schroder, Susanne ^{[13
]}

Thompson, Lucy M. ^{[25
]}

Treiman, Allan H. ^{[26
]}

VanBommel, Scott ^{[5
]}

Vaniman, David T. ^{[27
]}

Zorzano, Maria-Paz ^{[20
,28
]}

机构：

[1] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA

[2] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA

[3] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA

[4] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[5] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

[6] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[7] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA

[8] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA

[9] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA

[10] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada

[11] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA

[12] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA

[13] Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France

[14] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA

[15] Univ Lorraine, GeoRessources Lab, Nancy, France

[16] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[17] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark

[18] US Naval Acad, Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA

[19] Univ Nantes, CNRS, LPGNantes, UMR 6112, Nantes, France

[20] Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Comp Sci Elect & Space Engn, Kiruna, Sweden

[21] Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra CSIC UGR, Granada, Spain

[22] Purdue Univ, Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

[23] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA

[24] Museum Hist Nat, IMPMC, Paris, France

[25] Univ New Brunswick, Planetary & Space Sci Ctr, Fredericton, NB, Canada

[26] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA

[27] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA

[28] Ctr Astrobiol INTA CSIC, Madrid, Spain

来源：

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS | 2016年 / 43卷 / 14期

关键词：

Mars; manganese; oxidation; MSL; ChemCam; ATMOSPHERE; MINERALOGY; CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; ROCKNEST; ORIGIN; DIFFRACTION; DIAGENESIS; COATINGS; SULFUR;

D O I：

10.1002/2016GL069109

中图分类号：

P [天文学、地球科学];

学科分类号：

07 ;

摘要：

The Curiosity rover observed high Mn abundances (>25wt % MnO) in fracture-filling materials that crosscut sandstones in the Kimberley region of Gale crater, Mars. The correlation between Mn and trace metal abundances plus the lack of correlation between Mn and elements such as S, Cl, and C, reveals that these deposits are Mn oxides rather than evaporites or other salts. On Earth, environments that concentrate Mn and deposit Mn minerals require water and highly oxidizing conditions; hence, these findings suggest that similar processes occurred on Mars. Based on the strong association between Mn-oxide deposition and evolving atmospheric dioxygen levels on Earth, the presence of these Mn phases on Mars suggests that there was more abundant molecular oxygen within the atmosphere and some groundwaters of ancient Mars than in the present day.

引用

页码：7398 / 7407

页数：10

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