Innovation and robustness in complex regulatory gene networks

被引:258
作者
Ciliberti, S.
Martin, O. C.
Wagner, A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Zurich, Inst Biochem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
[2] Univ Paris 11, Lab Phys Theor & Modeles Stat, Unite Mixte Rech 8565, F-91405 Orsay, France
[3] CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France
[4] Inst Natl Rech Agronom, Lab Genet Vegetale, Unite Mixte Rech 820, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France
关键词
evolutionary novelty; evolvability; genotype-phenotype maps;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0705396104
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The history of life involves countless evolutionary innovations, a steady stream of ingenuity that has been flowing for more than 3 billion years. Very little is known about the principles of biological organization that allow such innovation. Here, we examine these principles for evolutionary innovation in gene expression patterns. To this end, we study a model for the transcriptional regulation networks that are at the heart of embryonic development. A genotype corresponds to a regulatory network of a given topology, and a phenotype corresponds to a steady-state gene expression pattern. Networks with the same phenotype form a connected graph in genotype space, where two networks are immediate neighbors if they differ by one regulatory interaction. We show that an evolutionary search on this graph can reach genotypes that are as different from each other as if they were chosen at random in genotype space, allowing evolutionary access to different kinds of innovation while staying close to a viable phenotype. Thus, although robustness to mutations may hinder innovation in the short term, we conclude that long-term innovation in gene expression patterns can only emerge in the presence of the robustness caused by connected genotype graphs.
引用
收藏
页码:13591 / 13596
页数:6
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