Reverse channel decision for the closed-loop supply chain with competing manufacturers and one dominant retailer

Reverse channel decision has great influence in the efficiency of closed-loop supply chain operation To deal this problem, the reverse channel decision was studied based on noncooperative game in the closed-loop supply chain with competing manufacturers and one dominant retailer, which is more ubiquitous in the realism Results indicate that the competitive degree of manufacturers, the difficulty of collection and the remanufacturing cost saving affect the result of reverse channel decision together, both manufacturers collect used products directly from customers when the competitive degree is lower and both manufacturers utilize the dominant retailer to collect used products indirectly when it is higher than its critical value, the critical value is related to the difficulty of collection and the remanufacturing cost saving