Response of native ungulates to drought in semi-arid Kenyan rangeland

被引:54
|
作者
Augustine, David J. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA
[2] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
关键词
cattle; dik-dik; DISTANCE; eland; elephant; impala; migration; nomadism; zebra; IMPALA AEPYCEROS-MELAMPUS; HOME-RANGE; AFRICAN; ELEPHANTS; LIVESTOCK; DYNAMICS; SAVANNA; DENSITY; POPULATION; RAINFALL;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2028.2010.01207.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
The distribution and abundance of native ungulates were measured on commercially managed, semi-arid rangeland in central Kenya over a 3-year period that encompassed severe drought and above-average rainfall. Native ungulate biomass density averaged 5282 kg km-2 over the study and was dominated by elephant (Loxodonta africana), impala (Aepyceros melampus) and dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii). Biomass density of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) averaged 2280 kg km-2 during the study. Responses of native ungulates to severe drought were variable. Impala densities were similar to or greater than densities for similar habitat in protected areas, and varied from 12 to 16 km-2 during and following the drought to 24-29 km-2 following above-average rainfall. Dik-dik densities were also greater than densities reported for protected areas and were surprisingly stable throughout the study despite the wide annual fluctuations in rainfall. Elephant migrated out of the region during drought but were present at high densities (2.9-5.2 km-2) during wet seasons, consistent with telemetry studies emphasizing the importance of Acacia bushland habitat on commercial rangelands for the migratory portion of the Laikipia-Samburu elephant population. Results show that substantial densities of native browsing and mixed-feeding ungulates can occur on rangeland managed for commercial beef production and suggest that the capacity for ungulates to move over large spatial scales (> 100 km2) and to shift distributions in response to locally variable thunderstorms may be important for sustaining these populations.Resume Pendant trois ans, on a mesure la distribution et l'abondance d'ongules indigenes dans une propriete semi-aride, geree de facon commerciale, situee au centre du Kenya. Cette periode a inclus de graves secheresses et aussi des chutes de pluies au-dessus de la moyenne. La biomasse des ongules natifs fut en moyenne de 5282 kg km-2 pendant cette periode; elle etait dominee par les elephants Loxodonta africana, les impalas Aepyceros melampus et les dik-diks Madoqua kirkii. La biomasse du betail domestique Bos taurusetait en moyenne de 2280 kg m-2 pendant cette etude. Les reponses des ongules indigenes face a la secheresse prononcee furent variables. La densite des impalas fut la meme, voire superieure a celle des habitats similaires dans des aires protegees et elle a varie de 12-16 per km superset of pendant et juste apres la secheresse a 24-29 km-superset of suite a des pluies exceptionnellement abondantes. La densite des dik-diks fut aussi superieure a celle qui fut rapportee pour les aires protegees, et elle est restee etonnamment stable durant toute la duree de l'etude malgre les amples fluctuations des pluies annuelles. Les elephants ont migre hors de la region pendant la secheresse mais ils etaient la en forte densite (2.9-5.3 per km superset of) pendant les saisons des pluies, ce qui conforte les etudes telemetriques qui insistent sur l'importance de la brousse a acacias dans les exploitations commerciales pour la partie de la population d'elephants de Laikipia-Samburu qui fait des migrations. Les resultats montrent que l'on peut observer des densites importantes d'ongules indigenes herbivores et mixtes sur des proprietes gerees en vue de la production commerciale de boeuf, et ils suggerent que le fait que des ongules puissent migrer sur de longues distances (> 100 km) et que leur distribution puisse ainsi evoluer en reponse a des tempetes locales de force variable pourrait etre tres important pour le maintien de ces populations.
引用
收藏
页码:1009 / 1020
页数:12
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