Effects of Mass Media Framing of Protest Movements: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Mass Media Studies

This study aimed to estimate an overall mean effect size of mass media framing of protest movements to provide an up-to-date overview of protest framing researches through a systematic review. Several scholars who have been engaged in framing researches were less consistent and lacked repeated stimuli in their findings, which inspired this study. This study used a rigorous systematic review to analyze protest movements of framing researches that addressed the effects of media framing of protest movements. Data were identified from two major databases and indexing services that produced 29 relevant studies included for analysis. The data were extracted with a structured format prepared in Microsoft Excel and copied to OpenMeta[analyst] software for analysis. Then, the pooled estimation of the outcomes was performed by the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model at 95% confidence interval and produced an overall random weighted mean effect size of Pearson's product-moment correlation (r)=0.352.