Satellite-measured chlorophyll and temperature variability off northern Chile during the 1996-1998 La Nina and El Nino

被引:68
作者
Thomas, AC [1 ]
Blanco, JL
Carr, ME
Strub, PT
Osses, J
机构
[1] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA
[2] Inst Formento Pesquero, Valparaiso, Chile
[3] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA
[4] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1029/1999JC000052
中图分类号
P7 [海洋学];
学科分类号
0707 ;
摘要
Time series of satellite measurements are used to describe patterns of surface temperature and chlorophyll associated with the 1996 cold La Nina phase and the 1997-1998 warm El Nino phase of the El Nino - Southern Oscillation cycle in the upwelling region off northern Chile. Surface temperature data are available through the entire study period. Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data first became available in September 1997 during a relaxation in El Nino conditions identified by in situ hydrographic data. Over the time period of coincident satellite data, chlorophyll patterns closely track surface temperature patterns. Increases both in nearshore chlorophyll concentration and in cross-shelf extension of elevated concentrations are associated with decreased coastal temperatures during both the relaxation in El Nino conditions in September-November 1997 and the recovery from EI Nino conditions after March 1998. Between these two periods during austral summer (December 1997 to March 1998) and maximum El Nino temperature anomalies, temperature patterns normally associated with upwelling were absent and chlorophyll concentrations were minimal. Cross-shelf chlorophyll distributions appear to be modulated by surface temperature frontal zones and are positively correlated with a satellite-derived upwelling index. Frontal zone patterns and the upwelling index in 1996 imply an austral summer nearshore chlorophyll maximum, consistent with SeaWiFS data from I 1998-1999, after the El Nino. SeaWiFS retrievals in the data set used here are higher than in situ measurements by a factor of 2-4; however, consistency in the offset suggests relative patterns are valid.
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页码:899 / 915
页数:17
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