Hall-Petch and inverse Hall-Petch relations in high-entropy CoNiFeAlxCu1-x alloys

Significant theoretical efforts have been made to understand the Hall-Petch and inverse Hall-Petch relations of nanocrystalline pure metals, metallic glasses and binary alloy systems. However, only a few studies have investigated the Hall-Petch or inverse Hall-Petch relations in high-entropy alloys. In this work, phase stability of single-crystalline CoNiFeAlxCu1-x and uniaxial compression of polycrystalline CoNiFeAlxCu1-x are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. Calculations of cohesive energies indicate that FCC structured CoNiFeAlxCu1-x is more stable at low Al concentrations (x <= 0.4) and BCC structured CoNiFeAlxCu1-x is more stable for high Al concentrations (x > 0.4). Based on the phase stability, FCC structured polycrystalline CoNiFeAl0.3Cu0.7 and BCC structured polycrystalline CoNiFeAl0.7Cu0.3 are constructed to perform uniaxial compression. Hall-Petch and inverse Hall-Petch relations are observed in both FCC and BCC structured polycrystalline CoNiFeAlxCu1-x. The microstructural evolutions of polycrystalline CoNiFeAlxCu1-x reveal that the dominant deformation mechanisms in the Hall-Petch regime of FCC structures are dislocation slip and deformation twinning due to relatively low stacking fault energy and that of BCC structures is phase transformation plasticity. For the inverse Hall-Petch relation, the dominant deformation mechanisms for both FCC and BCC HEAs are the rotation of grains and migration of grain boundaries. It indicates that FCC and BCC HEAs exhibit similar Hall-Petch and inverse Hall-Petch relations with the conventional polycrystalline materials, but its grain size exponent and gradient are quite different from those of pure metals.