Engineering of Annealing and Surface Passivation toward Efficient and Stable Quasi-2D Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Solution-processed quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites with self-assembled multiple quantum well (QW) structures exhibit enhanced exciton binding energy, which is ideal for use as light emitters. Here, we have found that postannealing is important to promoting the QWs' composition transfer, and we explored the correlation among the annealing time, the external quantum efficiency (EQE), and the operational stability of the device. During thermal annealing, the low-n QWs will gradually convert to high-n phases, accompanied by an increase in grain size. The EQE and working stability of the device exhibit different annealing-time dependences; that is, with the extension of the annealing time, the EQE gradually decreases while the working stability improves. By introducing trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TPTA) to passivate the emitting-region defects, the annealing-time dependence of the EQE was effectively eliminated due to the reduction of the nonradiative recombination rate, wherefore high efficiency and stability can be achieved simultaneously. Our research provides an effective way to develop highly efficiency and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes.