Energy Management in a Smart Grid Including Demand Response Programs Considering Internet of Things

In this paper, we propose an integrated energy management system for grid-connected micro-grids taking into account the demand response programs, fossil fuel-based generators, renewable energy sources, and energy storage systems. In the proposed approach, the constraints of the problem are considered jointly in the model of the energy management systems, and are used for the micro-grid energy management planning and economic dispatch. One of the innovations of this paper is to use the Internet of Things (IoT) platform in order to adjust the maximum ramp rate of production units in the micro-grids due to the limitations of production capacity. Since the system considered models the general state of the internet communication of objects without the requirement to access the communication channel so that the energy of consumers should be minimized as the second objective function in this platform, whenever one of the objects has a message to send, it sends it without the need to reserve a resource and schedule. IoT can establish a good relationship between the power producers in a way that reduces the operating costs by exchanging the data. The optimization of energy consumption in the hybrid power grid studied in this work shows that the use of IoT platform can reduce the transmission line losses in addition to the operating costs. The output results of using data in the IoT context and comparing it with the traditional mode represent the superiority of the proposed approach.