Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections in an Immunocompetent Patient Compared With a Neutropenic Cancer Patient A Case Series and Review of Literature

Chlamydia pneumoniae, an uncommon cause of respiratory tract infections, is difficult to diagnose in most patients. Its signs, symptoms, laboratory values, and imaging are nonspecific, and historically, culture or serology was required to implicate the organism. Because many physicians begin treatment of bacterial pneumonia with antibiotics ineffective against C. pneumoniae, cases of atypical pneumonia caused by this organism require greater time, resources, and analysis before positive diagnoses and the start of effective treatment. However, the emergence and widespread use of polymerase chain reaction have led to quicker recognition of respiratory tract infections caused by C. pneumoniae. This is especially relevant for immunosuppressed cancer patients, who must be quickly treated to prevent the development of serious complications. This article reviewed the limited literature regarding C. pneumoniae and immunosuppressed cancer patients, concluding that prompt diagnosis and standard recommended treatment of C. pneumoniae will provide favorable outcomes.