A Novel Hybrid MPPT Controller Based on Bond Graph and Fuzzy Logic in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System: Experimental Validation

Traditional MPPT algorithms have demonstrated effective performance relative to their flexibility and simplicity of implementation. However, its main disadvantages are the ineffectiveness and the large oscillations around the maximum power point under rapidly changing operating conditions. In order to achieve better performance in power production from a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system (PEMFC), we propose in this work a new hybrid controller focused on the bond graph and fuzzy logic (BG-FL-MPPT) to track the maximum power point under different weather conditions. The aim of the research is BG-FL-MPPT development, which will guarantee the optimum power reference operation of the system with greater efficiency, less error in the stability and voltage fluctuations. A rigorous comparison was made between the developed controller and the other three MPPT algorithms, including particle swarm optimization, fuzzy logic controller and Perturb and Observe, in three distinct test scenarios to check the effectiveness of the suggested controller. In terms of stability and robustness, it was found from the results obtained that the established controller assures the required operation of the studied system by tracking efficiency of up to 99.95% to achieve the maximum power point. A 90% faster convergence rate is obtained with a decrease in oscillations of 94.95%. The experimental tests were performed using a high-performance experimental platform, and in the same metrological conditions, an in-depth comparison of the experimental results with the results obtained by simulation was made.