Maternofetal transmission of hepatitis B virus genotype E in Ghana, west Africa

被引:82
作者
Candotti, Daniel [1 ]
Dans, Kwabena
Allain, Jean-Pierre
机构
[1] Cambridge Blood Ctr, Natl Hlth Serv Blood & Transplant, Cambridge, England
[2] Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Kumasi, Ghana
[3] Univ Cambridge, Dept Haematol, Div Transfus Med, Cambridge, England
关键词
D O I
10.1099/vir.0.83102-0
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
To determine whether maternofetal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common route of infection leading to chronic infection in west Africa, plasma samples, obtained at delivery from 1368 pregnant Ghanaian women and paired umbilical cord blood or newborn whole blood samples, were tested for HIBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and DNA. A 16% prevalence of HBV chronic carriers, defined as detectable HBsAg and/or HBV DNA, was found, >80% contained less than 1x10(4) IU ml(-1) HBV DNA and 99% were infected with genotype E strains. HBV maternofetal transmission was documented in 17 out of 204 (8.3 %) paired HBV carrier women-cord blood/newborn samples. The rate of transmission was 55 % and 3.3 % when maternal viral load was above or below 1x10(4) lU ml(-1), respectively (P=0.0008). Maternofetal transmission of HBV genotype E was estimated to account for 8 % of the cases of chronic HBsAg carriers. Six women with low viral load at delivery (five <20 IU ml(-1)) and anti-HBe (hepatitis B e antigen) transmitted HBV. Surprisingly, while non-transmitted low viral load strains had 79 % mutations at position 1896 of HBV genome, transmitted strains were all wild-type despite anti-HBe presence (P=0.0041), suggesting the possible role of HBeAg as risk factor for HBV maternofetal transmission. The relative risk of maternofetal transmission was 2.4 when pregnant women carried high viral load and 11.5 when carrying wild-type strains at position 1896, irrespective of viral load. We conclude that viral load and pre-core wild-type at position 1896 are two independent risk factors for HBV genotype E maternofetal transmission, which remains a minor contributor to high prevalence of chronic infection.
引用
收藏
页码:2686 / 2695
页数:10
相关论文
共 41 条
[31]   INTRAUTERINE TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS IS CLOSELY RELATED TO PLACENTAL LEAKAGE [J].
OHTO, H ;
LIN, HH ;
KAWANA, T ;
ETOH, T ;
TOHYAMA, H .
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, 1987, 21 (01) :1-6
[32]   Predonation screening of blood donors with rapid tests: implementation and efficacy of a novel approach to blood safety in resource-poor settings [J].
Owusu-Ofori, S ;
Temple, J ;
Sarkodie, F ;
Anokwa, M ;
Candotti, D ;
Allain, JP .
TRANSFUSION, 2005, 45 (02) :133-140
[33]   Detection of maternal cells in human fetal blood during the third trimester of pregnancy using allele-specific PCR amplification [J].
Petit, T ;
Dommergues, M ;
Socie, G ;
Dumez, Y ;
Gluckman, E ;
Brison, O .
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, 1997, 98 (03) :767-771
[34]  
Roingeard Philippe, 1993, Viral Immunology, V6, P65, DOI 10.1089/vim.1993.6.65
[35]   Hepatitis B virus infection: Epidemiology and vaccination [J].
Shepard, Colin W. ;
Simard, Edgar P. ;
Finelli, Lyn ;
Flore, Anthony E. ;
Bell, Beth P. .
EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS, 2006, 28 :112-125
[36]   Hepatitis B virus vaccination and antenatal transmission of HBV markers to neonates [J].
Vranckx, R ;
Alisjahbana, A ;
Meheus, A .
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, 1999, 6 (02) :135-139
[37]   Quantitative analysis of HBV DNA level and HBeAg titer in hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers and their babies: HBeAg passage through the placenta and the rate of decay in babies [J].
Wang, ZH ;
Zhang, J ;
Yang, H ;
Li, XH ;
Wen, SJ ;
Guo, YB ;
Sun, J ;
Hou, JL .
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, 2003, 71 (03) :360-366
[38]   Risk factors and mechanism of transplacental transmission of hepatitis B virus: A case-control study [J].
Xu, DZ ;
Yan, YP ;
Choi, BCK ;
Xu, JQ ;
Men, K ;
Zhang, JX ;
Liu, ZH ;
Wang, FS .
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, 2002, 67 (01) :20-26
[39]   A quasi species of the pre-S/S gene and mutations of enhancer II/core promoter/pre-C in mothers and their children infected with hepatitis B virus via mother-to-infant transmission [J].
Xu, HM ;
Peng, ML ;
Qing, YL ;
Ling, N ;
Lan, YH ;
Liang, ZW ;
Cai, DC ;
Li, YG ;
Ren, H .
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2006, 193 (01) :88-97
[40]  
Zhang SL, 2004, WORLD J GASTROENTERO, V10, P437