An Optimized Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Clustering is a promising solution to enhance lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Fuzzy logic is being used to address uncertainties in cluster head selection. In a multi-hop routing, cluster heads are overburdened with inter-cluster traffic in addition to intra-cluster traffic. In this paper, we propose an optimized fuzzy clustering algorithm for cluster head selection and a routing protocol to forward data to base station. In optimized fuzzy clustering algorithm, cluster heads are selected based on residual energy, distance from base station, and concentration of nodes using type-1 fuzzy logic. In order to route data to base station an energy efficient routing path is determined utilizing other cluster heads by particle swarm optimization. The fitness function of particle swarm optimization is defined so as to prolong the network lifetime keeping in mind wide application of WSN. Simulation results reveal that proposed algorithm attains longer lifetime and is able to forward more messages to sink.