β(1 → 3)-glucan aerosols in different occupational environments

The aim of this preliminary study was to assess exposure to beta(1 -> 3)-glucan as well as inhalable dust and viable fungi in different occupational environments. The study was conducted in three different industrial plants: metal plant where metalworking fluids were applied, wastewater treatment plant, and waste composting plant. In selected points simultaneously the stationary air sampling was performed to evaluate the levels of inhalable dust, beta(1 -> 3)-glucan, and to make a quantitative analysis of airborne fungi. All variables describing the exposure were characterized by a wide range of concentrations. The results were as follows: beta(1 -> 3)-glucan (1.38-65.1 ng/m(3)), inhalable dust (0.03-2.93 mg/m(3)), and fungi (0.16-285 x 10(2) CFU/m(3)). The highest concentrations for all parameters were found in the composting plant. In the composting plant, a statistically significant correlation was found between beta(1 -> 3)-glucan and fungal levels (r = 0.89; p < 0.05). In the metal industry and composting plant, the participation of alkali-soluble fraction was stable, exceeding 90% of all beta(1 -> 3)-glucan. However, in the wastewater treatment plant, its average amount was much lower-73.6%. The study showed that beta(1 -> 3)-glucan was present in different occupational environments and it should be taken into consideration as an important part of bioaerosols. However, more studies are required to assess the concentration levels as well as all determinants of exposure.