Consistent association between hypnotics/sedatives and non-traffic injuries. Results from a national household survey

Aim: To quantify the relationship between patterns of psychostimulants, hypnotics/sedatives and alcohol consumption and the frequency of unintentional non-traffic injuries (UNTIs) requiring medical assistant in Spain. Methods: We carried out a cross sectional study using a randomized pooled sample from two household surveys on psychoactive drugs use (n = 51,649 subjects aged 15-64 years). We estimated the magnitude of the association between the use of psychostimulants and hypnotics/sedatives in the last 12 months as well as alcohol consumption in the last 30 days with the occurrence of UNTIs in the last 12 months (falls, knocks/bumps and cuts) by building several logistic regression models, which took into account the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and the use of other psychoactive drugs (including cannabis). The presence of interactions between age or gender with drug use was also assessed. Results: Psychostimulants use was associated with a higher frequency of UNTIs (aOR = 1.24; 95%CI:1.03-1.49). The strongest association was found with cuts (aOR = 1.64; 95%CI:1.10-2.43). An association between hypnotics/sedatives and UNTIs was also found in each type of injury and was higher with regular use (> = 30 days) than with non-regular use (< 30 days). The age modified the association between hypnotic/sedatives and knocks/bumps, being higher in the 35-64 years group (aOR = 2.34; 95%CI:1.78-3.06) than in the 15-34 years group (aOR = 1.59; 95%CI:1.14-2.21). Regarding alcohol, an increased risk of UNTIs was also observed in all types of UNTIs, even with moderate use, being the association higher for cuts in heavy drinkers (aOR = 2.41; 95%CI:1.63-3.57). Conclusions: Our results reveal a consistent relationship between hypnotics/sedatives and UNTIs, especially in regular users. Additional research should apply longitudinal designs to establish causal relationships and to gain an in-depth knowledge in this area in order to specific public health interventions.