Fate of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles during Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater and Post-Treatment Processing of Sewage Sludge

被引：181

作者：

Lombi, Enzo ^{[1
]}

Donner, Erica ^{[1
,2
]}

Tavakkoli, Ehsan ^{[1
]}

Turney, Terence W. ^{[3
,4
]}

Naidu, Ravi ^{[1
,2
]}

Miller, Bradley W. ^{[5
]}

Scheckel, Kirk G. ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia

[2] CRC CARE, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia

[3] Monash Univ, Ctr Green Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia

[4] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia

[5] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2012年 / 46卷 / 16期

基金：

澳大利亚研究理事会;

关键词：

X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; SPECIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER; ENRICHMENT; BIOSOLIDS;

D O I：

10.1021/es301487s

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The rapid development and commercialization of nanomaterials will inevitably result in the release of nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment. As NPs often exhibit physical and chemical properties significantly different from those of their molecular or macrosize analogs, concern has been growing regarding their fate and toxicity in environmental compartments. The wastewater sewage sludge pathway has been identified as a key release pathway leading to environmental exposure to NPs. In this study, we investigated the chemical transformation of two ZnO-NPs and one hydrophobic ZnO-NP commercial formulation (used in personal care products), during anaerobic digestion of wastewater. Changes in Zn speciation as a result of postprocessing of the sewage sludge, mimicking composting/stockpiling, were also assessed. The results indicated that "native" Zn and Zn added either as a soluble salt or as NPs was rapidly converted to sulfides in all treatments. The hydrophobicity of the commercial formulation retarded the conversion of ZnO-NP. However, at the end of the anaerobic digestion process and after postprocessing of the sewage sludge (which caused a significant change in Zn speciation), the speciation of Zn was similar across all treatments. This indicates that, at least for the material tested, the risk assessment of ZnO-NP through this exposure pathway can rely on the significant knowledge already available in regard to other "conventional" forms of Zn present in sewage sludge.

引用

页码：9089 / 9096

页数：8

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