Review on key technologies and typical applications of multi-station integrated energy systems

To realize the low-carbon development of power systems, digital transformation, and power marketization reform, the substation, data center, energy storage, photovoltaic, and charging stations are important components for the construction of new infrastructure. The integration infrastructure represented by multi-station integrated energy systems (MSIESs) represents the development trend, and its connotation and denotation are not immutable. This study firstly analyzed the components of MSIESs and their sub-stations and overall characteristics, and proposed an overall architecture for MSIESs. Thereafter, this system was characterized in detail from three aspects: planning and design, operation control, and market operation. The planning and construction of MSIESs was analyzed from the aspects of planning and design process, typical fusion subsystems, supply and demand prediction, and capacity determination; the operational control of MSIESs was analyzed from the aspects of model construction, coordination control, and safety assessment. Moreover, the market operation of MSIESs was examined from the aspects of the business model and spot market. Furthermore, the technical development trend of MSIESs has been explored in this study.