Analysis of factors affecting efficiency of inverters: Case study grid-connected PV systems in lower northern region of Thailand

In grid-connected PV systems, the inverter is one of the important components. Inverter efficiency may vary depending on the input power and voltage of the PV array. This paper analysed three factors affecting inverter efficiency. The first one was the effect of the duration of inverter operations. Analysis of the operation of a PV system that has been operating four years showed an annual average inverter efficiency of 0.90, almost equal to the manufacturer's specification of 0.91. The study showed that there was no significant degradation in inverter efficiency because a cool temperature (of 25 degrees C) was maintained for the inverter storage room through an air conditioning system. The second analysis investigated the effect of the power input from different types of PV module technology. The study showed that the inverter connected to p-Si PV modules operated the highest efficiency at 0.91. However, detailed analyses showed that PV module technology had less or minimal impact on inverter efficiency. It was the power input from the PV module that has influence on the inverter efficiency. The third analysis involved the study of the effect of irradiance distribution on inverter efficiency. The study shows that the inverter operates at the maximum efficiency of 0.90 at irradiance of above 350 W/m(2), at which range solar energy potential is at its highest at around 85% of the total generation. This means that inverter converts almost all the energy supplied from solar PV at this irradiance range. In conducting the third analysis, a location-specific equation, 77PHS, for determining inverter efficiency was also developed. The 77PHS equation generates the actual inverter efficiency values based on the local irradiance conditions in Phitsanulok province. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.