Before the 21st century, policies concerning China's assistance to Africa experienced three processes. After stepping into the 21st century, adjustment in policies is mainly reflected in two aspects, including optimization of assistance structure, and attention paid to the multilateral assistance channel. The adjustment of policies is set in certain context. The development momentum of Africa in the new century, as well as the rise of China plays a decisive role in China's policies of assisting Africa. China's policies of assisting Africa shall be improved from two ways, namely the strengthening of strategic study and design of strategies for Africa, and the active integration in the international assistance system. Assisting Africa is a significant content in Sino-African relationship, and it consists of several factors, including ideas, policies, practices, etc. The policy selection of assistance to Africa will be favorable for understanding the assistance better. Ever since the 21st century, Sino-African relationship enters a new development stage. Furthermore, background of changes in policies of the assistance to Africa is explored, which may be significant for further optimizing and improving the policies of assisting Africa.