The study of blood transcriptome profiles in Holstein cows with miscarriage during peri-implantation

Objective: In this study, the transcriptome profile of cow experiencing miscarriage during peri-implantation was investigated. Methods: Total transcriptomes were checked by RNA sequencing, and the analyzed by bio-informatics methods, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed with hierarchical clustering and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Results: The results suggested that serum progesterone levels were significantly decreased in cows that miscarried as compared to the pregnant cows at 18, 21, 33, 39, and 51 days after artificial insemination. The RNA sequencing results suggested that 32, 176, 5, 10, and 2 DEGs were identified in the pregnant cows and miscarried cows at 18, 21, 33, 39, and 51 d after artificial insemination. And 15, 101, 1, 2, and 2 DEGs were upregulated, and 17, 74, 4, and 8 DEGs were downregulated in the cows in the pregnant and miscarriage groups, respectively at 18, 21, 33, and 39, but no gene was downregulated at 51 d after artificial insemination. These DEGs were distributed to 13, 20, 3, 6, and 20 pathways, and some pathway essential for pregnancy, such as cell adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: This analysis has identified several genes and related pathways crucial for pregnancy and miscarriage in cows, as well as these genes supply molecular markers to predict the miscarriage in cows.