High-accuracy measurement of specular spectral reflectance and transmittance

The realization of spectrophotometric quantities at the Helsinki University of Technology is based on our reference spectrometer. The reference spectrometer is a high-accuracy instrument developed for measuring spectral specular transmittance and reflectance in a wavelength range extending from ultraviolet to near-infrared. The relative uncertainty estimates for transmittance measurements of neutral-density filters are ca. 0.05%. For spectral reflectance the estimated uncertainties are between 0.14% and 0.34% depending on the sample reflectance and the measurement geometry. We have derived and verified equations that enable both the reflectance and transmittance of various samples to be predicted. Utilizing these equations, the reflectance and transmittance can be accurately calculated for samples with known refractive index. For precise calculations, the characteristics of the measurement beam must be taken into account. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.