Airborne methane remote measurements reveal heavy-tail flux distribution in Four Corners region

被引：210

作者：

Frankenberg, Christian ^{[1
,2
]}

Thorpe, Andrew K. ^{[2
]}

Thompson, David R. ^{[2
]}

Hulley, Glynn ^{[2
]}

Kort, Eric Adam ^{[3
]}

Vance, Nick ^{[2
]}

Borchardt, Jakob ^{[4
]}

Krings, Thomas ^{[4
]}

Gerilowski, Konstantin ^{[4
]}

Sweeney, Colm ^{[5
,6
]}

Conley, Stephen ^{[7
,8
]}

Bue, Brian D. ^{[2
]}

Aubrey, Andrew D. ^{[2
]}

Hook, Simon ^{[2
]}

Green, Robert O. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[2] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[3] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[4] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany

[5] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[6] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[7] Sci Aviat, Boulder, CO 80301 USA

[8] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA

来源：

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | 2016年 / 113卷 / 35期

基金：

美国海洋和大气管理局;

关键词：

methane; Four Corners; remote sensing; heavy-tail; IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION; GAS PRODUCTION SITES; EMISSION RATES; UNITED-STATES; TRACE GASES; RETRIEVAL; QUANTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CO2;

D O I：

10.1073/pnas.1605617113

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Methane (CH4) impacts climate as the second strongest anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air quality by influencing tropospheric ozone levels. Space-based observations have identified the Four Corners region in the Southwest United States as an area of large CH4 enhancements. We conducted an airborne campaign in Four Corners during April 2015 with the next-generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (near-infrared) and Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (thermal infrared) imaging spectrometers to better understand the source of methane by measuring methane plumes at 1-to 3-m spatial resolution. Our analysis detected more than 250 individual methane plumes from fossil fuel harvesting, processing, and distributing infrastructures, spanning an emission range from the detection limit similar to 2 kg/h to 5 kg/h through similar to 5,000 kg/h. Observed sources include gas processing facilities, storage tanks, pipeline leaks, and well pads, as well as a coal mine venting shaft. Overall, plume enhancements and inferred fluxes follow a lognormal distribution, with the top 10% emitters contributing 49 to 66% to the inferred total point source flux of 0.23 Tg/y to 0.39 Tg/y. With the observed confirmation of a lognormal emission distribution, this airborne observing strategy and its ability to locate previously unknown point sources in real time provides an efficient and effective method to identify and mitigate major emissions contributors over a wide geographic area. With improved instrumentation, this capability scales to spaceborne applications [Thompson DR, et al. (2016) Geophys Res Lett 43(12): 6571-6578]. Further illustration of this potential is demonstrated with two detected, confirmed, and repaired pipeline leaks during the campaign.

引用

页码：9734 / 9739

页数：6

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