Impact of density on the hydraulic properties of peat and the time domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture calibration curve

The hydraulic properties of a peat used in a commercial peat biofilter were evaluated to determine their relationship with density and to establish a time domain reflectometry (TDR) calibration curve for water content as a function of the measured dielectric constant. The peat studied was a milled Sphagnum peat with a high organic content (99%). The dry densities evaluated in this study ranged from 90 to 180 kg/m(3). The saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) decreased with an increase in dry density (rho(dry)) and was found to follow a log-linear relationship (K-s = 0.2462 exp(-0.0438 rho(dry)), correlation coefficient R-2 = 0.9789). As expected, the soil moisture curve was impacted by density, with a higher density resulting in higher water contents for a given suction. The data were fit to the van Genuchten relationship. A TDR calibration curve was generated at five different densities. A comparison of the curves indicates that the water content as a function of dielectric constant was not dependent on density because of the significantly larger dielectric constant (K-a) of water compared with those of peat solids and air-filled voids. The TDR calibration curve for the peat evaluated in this study (volumetric water content Theta(v) = 0.2667 ln(K-a) - 0.1405, R-2 = 0.9564) predicted higher water contents for a given dielectric constant compared with those from similar calibration curves for peat published in the literature. The data were compared with those from six other studies and indicated that the TDR calibration varied for different organic soils. The density-dependent hydraulic parameters and TDR calibration curve are important parameters needed to study the hydraulics of peat biofilters.