Chemical exposures in recently renovated low-income housing: Influence of building materials and occupant activities

被引:52
作者
Dodson, Robin E. [1 ]
Udesky, Julia O. [1 ]
Colton, Meryl D. [2 ]
McCauley, Martha [3 ]
Camann, David E. [4 ]
Yau, Alice Y. [4 ]
Adamkiewicz, Gary [2 ]
Rudel, Ruthann A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Silent Spring Inst, 320 Nevada St, Newton, MA 02460 USA
[2] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, 401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA
[3] Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA
[4] Southwest Res Inst, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA
关键词
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs); Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); Indoor air; Surface wipes; Consumer products; Building materials; INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; TOBACCO-SMOKE EXPOSURE; PBDE FLAME RETARDANTS; UNITED-STATES; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; PHTHALATE EXPOSURE;
D O I
10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.007
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Health disparities in low-income communities may be linked to residential exposures to chemicals infiltrating from the outdoors and characteristics of and sources in the home. Indoor sources comprise those introduced by the occupant as well as releases from building materials. To examine the impact of renovation on indoor pollutants levels and to classify chemicals by predominant indoor sources, we collected indoor air and surface wipes from newly renovated "green" low-income housing units in Boston before and after occupancy. We targeted nearly 100 semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including phthalates, flame retardants, fragrance chemicals, pesticides, antimicrobials, petroleum chemicals, chlorinated solvents, and formaldehyde, as well as particulate matter. All homes had indoor air concentrations that exceeded available risk-based screening levels for at least one chemical. We categorized chemicals as primarily influenced by the occupant or as having building-related sources. While building-related chemicals observed in this study may be specific to the particular housing development, occupant-related findings might be generalizable to similar communities. Among 58 detected chemicals, we distinguished 25 as primarily occupant-related, including fragrance chemicals 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin (AHTN) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB). The pre- to post-occupancy patterns of the remaining chemicals suggested important contributions from building materials for some, including dibutyl phthalate and xylene, whereas others, such as diethyl phthalate and formaldehyde, appeared to have both building and occupant sources. Chemical classification by source informs multi-level exposure reduction strategies in low-income housing.
引用
收藏
页码:114 / 127
页数:14
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