Social learning within and across predator species reduces attacks on novel aposematic prey

被引:27
作者
Hamalainen, Liisa [1 ]
Mappes, Johanna [2 ]
Rowland, Hannah M. [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Teichmann, Marianne [5 ,6 ,7 ]
Thorogood, Rose [5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England
[2] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland
[3] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Jena, Germany
[4] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England
[5] Univ Helsinki, HiLIFE Helsinki Inst Life Sci, Helsinki, Finland
[6] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Res Programme Organismal & Evolutionary Biol, Helsinki, Finland
[7] Univ Freiburg, Chair Nat Conservat & Landscape Ecol, Hugstetter Str 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
基金
英国自然环境研究理事会; 芬兰科学院;
关键词
aposematism; avoidance learning; conspecific information; heterospecific information; predator-prey interactions; social learning; BIRDS; INFORMATION; AVOIDANCE; SURVIVAL; GREAT; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; GREGARIOUSNESS; PREFERENCES; CONFORMITY;
D O I
10.1111/1365-2656.13180
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
To make adaptive foraging decisions, predators need to gather information about the profitability of prey. As well as learning from prey encounters, recent studies show that predators can learn about prey defences by observing the negative foraging experiences of conspecifics. However, predator communities are complex. While observing heterospecifics may increase learning opportunities, we know little about how social information use varies across predator species. Social transmission of avoidance among predators also has potential consequences for defended prey. Conspicuous aposematic prey are assumed to be an easy target for naive predators, but this cost may be reduced if multiple predators learn by observing single predation events. Heterospecific information use by predators might further benefit aposematic prey, but this remains untested. Here we test conspecific and heterospecific information use across a predator community with wild-caught blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tits (Parus major). We used video playback to manipulate social information about novel aposematic prey and then compared birds' foraging choices in 'a small-scale novel world' that contained novel palatable and aposematic prey items. We expected that blue tits would be less likely to use social information compared to great tits. However, we found that both blue tits and great tits consumed fewer aposematic prey after observing a negative foraging experience of a demonstrator. In fact, this effect was stronger in blue tits compared to great tits. Interestingly, blue tits also learned more efficiently from watching conspecifics, whereas great tits learned similarly regardless of the demonstrator species. Together, our results indicate that social transmission about novel aposematic prey occurs in multiple predator species and across species boundaries. This supports the idea that social interactions among predators can reduce attacks on aposematic prey and therefore influence selection for prey defences.
引用
收藏
页码:1153 / 1164
页数:12
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