Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumors in Women Have a Lower Expression of Fatty Acid Elongases ELOVL2, ELOVL5, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 than in Men

One line of research on the possible ways of inhibiting the growth of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a brain tumor with a very poor prognosis, is the analysis of its metabolism, such as fatty acid synthesis by desaturases and elongases. This study examines the expression of elongases ELOVL1, ELOVL2, ELOVL3, ELOVL4, ELOVL5, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 in GBM tumor samples from 28 patients (16 men and 12 women), using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). To demonstrate the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the tested elongases, U-87 MG cells were cultured in nutrient-deficient conditions and with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) as a hypoxia-mimetic agent. The results showed that the expression of ELOVL1 and ELOVL7 in the GBM tumor was lower than in the peritumoral area. The expression of six of the seven studied elongases differed between the sexes. Hypoxia increased the expression of ELOVL5 and ELOVL6 and decreased the expression of ELOVL1, ELOVL3, ELOVL4, and ELOVL7 in U-87 MG cells. These results indicate that the synthesis of fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in GBM tumors may be higher in men than in women. In contrast, the synthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFA) may be higher in women than in men.