Car occupant safety in frontal crashes: A parameter study of vehicle mass, impact speed, and inherent vehicle protection

被引:39
作者
Buzeman, DG [1 ]
Viano, DC
Lovsund, P
机构
[1] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Injury Prevent, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
[2] GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA
关键词
motor vehicle crash; injury risk; traffic safety; crash severity; mass compatibility; downsizing;
D O I
10.1016/S0001-4575(98)00020-7
中图分类号
TB18 [人体工程学];
学科分类号
1201 ;
摘要
A new mathematical model was developed to estimate average injury and fatality rates in frontal car-to-car crashes for changes in vehicle fleet mass, impact speed distribution, and inherent vehicle protection. The estimates were calculated from injury/fatality risk data, delta-V distribution and collision probability of two vehicles, where delta V-depends on impact speed and mass of the colliding vehicles. The impact speed distribution was assumed to be unaffected by a change in fleet mass distribution. The results showed that safety in frontal crashes would improve 27-35% by a 10% increase in fatality risk parameters, which reflected substantial improvement in inherent vehicle protection. A 40% safety improvement was attained by a 10% impact speed reduction. Consequences of vehicle fleet mass were not as strong, but depended on the average mass ratio of the fleet. A reduction in mass range would be the most beneficial, while a uniform mass reduction of 20% would increase the fatality rate by 5.4%. The model estimates trends in traffic safety and may help to identify priorities in active and passive safety. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:713 / 722
页数:10
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