Mediating role of green marketing orientation in stakeholder risk and new product success relationship among European multinational enterprises in Ghana

Purpose This study aims to assess the mediating role of green marketing orientation (GMO) dimensions in the relationship between stakeholder risk and new product success among European multinational enterprises (EMNEs) in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study was based on primary data gathered from 302 EMNEs in Ghana. After various validity and reliability checks, structural equation modeling in Amos (v.23) was performed to estimate the various relationships hypothesized in the study. Findings The study finds that stakeholder risk had a significant negative effect on the success of EMNEs' new products. This negative effect is, however, nullified by the positive mediating effects of strategic green marketing orientation, tactical green marketing orientation and internal green marketing orientation. Research limitations/implications GMO is highly regarded as context-specific, with unique characteristics. Implying that the interpretation of results from the GMO framework should be on the backdrop of the social, cultural political and economic environment. Practical implications Stakeholder risk posed a significant challenge to the success of EMNEs, whose operations are monitored not just by domestic stakeholders but also international stakeholders. The actions and inactions of these EMNEs affect the overall image of the mother firm and are, therefore, expected to operate within acceptable norms. Social implications The adoption of GMOs increases the success of new products, as firms receive a social license for their environmentally friendly operations. GMO also helps in solving societal concerns for environmental protection, which is very paramount in this 21st century. Originality/value Past studies have largely focused on stakeholder pressure; however, this study focuses on the risks associated with those pressures and how these risks influence the success of new products.