Assessment of Optimal Condylar Position in the Coronal and Axial Planes with Limited Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Purpose: No quantitative standards for the optimal position of the mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa are yet available in the coronal and axial planes. We previously reported measurements of this position in the sagittal plane, using recently developed limited cone-beam computed tomography (LCBCT) capable of imaging the craniofacial structures with high accuracy. In this study, we assessed the optimal condylar position in the coronal and axial planes. Materials and Methods: The study included 24 joints in 22 asymptomatic patients (10 male, 12 female; age range 12-25 years, mean age 18 years) who had no disc displacement as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Their joints had optimum function with the starting and end points of all functional jaw movements coincident with maximum intercuspation. Joint-space distances between the condyle and glenoid fossa were measured at the medial, central, and lateral positions in the coronal plane, and medial and lateral positions in the axial plane. Results: The mean coronal lateral space (CLS), coronal central space (CCS), and coronal medial space (CMS) were 1.8 +/- 0.4 mm, 2.7 +/- 0.5 mm, and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The ratio of CLS to CCS to CMS was 1.0 to 1.5 to 1.3. The mean axial medial space (AMS) and axial lateral space (ALS) were 2.1 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.3 +/- 0.6 mm, respectively. There were no significant sex differences in these measurements. Conclusions: These coronal and axial data, along with previously reported sagittal data, might provide norms for 3D assessment of optimal condylar position with LCBCT.