Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective

被引：69

作者：

Mielke, Michelle M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Aggarwal, Neelum T. ^{[3
,4
]}

Vila-Castelar, Clara ^{[5
]}

Agarwal, Puja ^{[4
,6
]}

Arenaza-Urquijo, Eider M. ^{[7
,8
,9
]}

Brett, Benjamin ^{[10
]}

Brugulat-Serrat, Anna ^{[7
,8
,9
,11
]}

DuBose, Lyndsey E. ^{[12
]}

Eikelboom, Willem S. ^{[13
]}

Flatt, Jason ^{[14
]}

Foldi, Nancy S. ^{[15
,16
,17
]}

Franzen, Sanne ^{[13
]}

Gilsanz, Paola ^{[18
]}

Li, Wei ^{[19
]}

McManus, Alison J. ^{[20
]}

van Lent, Debora Melo ^{[21
,22
,23
]}

Milani, Sadaf Arefi ^{[24
]}

Shaaban, C. Elizabeth ^{[25
]}

Stites, Shana D. ^{[26
]}

Sundermann, Erin ^{[27
]}

Suryadevara, Vidyani ^{[28
]}

Trani, Jean-Francoise ^{[29
]}

Turner, Arlener D. ^{[30
]}

Vonk, Jet M. J. ^{[31
,32
,33
]}

Quiroz, Yakeel T. ^{[5
,34
]}

Babulal, Ganesh M. ^{[35
,36
,37
]}

机构：

[1] Mayo Clin, Div Epidemiol, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Rochester, MN 55905 USA

[2] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA

[3] Rush Univ, Dept Neurol Sci, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA

[4] Rush Univ, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA

[5] Harvard Med Sch, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA

[6] Rush Univ, Dept Internal Med, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA

[7] Pasqual Maragall Fdn, Barcelona Sseta Brain Res Ctr BBRC, Barcelona, Spain

[8] IMIM Hosp del Mar, Med Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain

[9] CIBER Fragilidad & Envejecimiento Saludable CIBER, Madrid, Spain

[10] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA

[11] Univ Calif San Francisco, Atlantic Fellow Equ Brain Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

[12] Univ Colorado, Div Geriatr, Dept Med, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO USA

[13] Erasmus MC, Dept Neurol, Univ Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands

[14] Univ Nevada, Sch Publ Hlth, Social & Behav Hlth Program, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA

[15] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY USA

[16] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA

[17] NYU, Dept Psychiat, Long Isl Sch Med, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA

[18] Kaiser Permanente Div Res, Oakland, CA USA

[19] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Clin & Diagnost Sci, Birmingham, AL USA

[20] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA

[21] UT Hlth San Antonio, Glenn Biggs Inst Alzheimers & Neurodegenerat Dis, San Antonio, TX USA

[22] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA

[23] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA

[24] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Internal Med, Div Geriatr & Palliat Med, Galveston, TX 77555 USA

[25] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA

[26] Univ Penn, Perlman Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[27] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA

[28] Rush Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA

[29] Washington Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63110 USA

[30] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA

[31] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Taub Inst Res Alzheimers Dis & Aging Brain, New York, NY USA

[32] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Dept Epidemiol, Utrecht, Netherlands

[33] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

[34] Univ Antioquia, Grp Neurociencias Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia

[35] Washington Univ, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MS USA

[36] George Washington Univ, Dept Clin Res & Leadership, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA

[37] Univ Johannesburg, Fac Humanities, Dept Psychol, Johannesburg, South Africa

来源：

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA | 2022年 / 18卷 / 12期

基金：

美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

Alzheimer's; ethnicity; gender; global health; risk factors; sex; sociocultural factors; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; ANDROGEN-DEPRIVATION THERAPY; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; VERBAL-LEARNING TEST; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; MEMORY COMPLAINT; OLDER-ADULTS; HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS;

D O I：

10.1002/alz.12662

中图分类号：

R74 [神经病学与精神病学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

Sex or gender differences in the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) differ by world region, suggesting that there are potentially modifiable risk factors for intervention. However, few epidemiological or clinical ADRD studies examine sex differences; even fewer evaluate gender in the context of ADRD risk. The goals of this perspective are to: (1) provide definitions of gender, biologic sex, and sexual orientation. and the limitations of examining these as binary variables; (2) provide an overview of what is known with regard to sex and gender differences in the risk, prevention, and diagnosis of ADRD; and (3) discuss these sex and gender differences from a global, worldwide perspective. Identifying drivers of sex and gender differences in ADRD throughout the world is a first step in developing interventions unique to each geographical and sociocultural area to reduce these inequities and to ultimately reduce global ADRD risk. Highlights The burden of dementia is unevenly distributed geographically and by sex and gender. Scientific advances in genetics and biomarkers challenge beliefs that sex is binary. Discrimination against women and sex and gender minority (SGM) populations contributes to cognitive decline. Sociocultural factors lead to gender inequities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) worldwide.

引用

页码：2707 / 2724

页数：18

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