A multi-phylum study of grazer-induced paralytic shellfish toxin production in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense: A new perspective on control of algal toxicity

被引:23
作者
Senft-Batoh, Christina D. [1 ]
Dam, Hans G. [1 ]
Shumway, Sandra E. [1 ]
Wikfors, Gary H. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA
[2] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Milford, CT 06460 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Alexandrium; Toxin production; Copepods; Grazers; Inducible defense; Paralytic shellfish toxin (PST); COPEPOD ACARTIA-HUDSONICA; PROTOGONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; GENUS ALEXANDRIUM; INDUCED DEFENSES; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MARINE; FOOD; ZOOPLANKTON; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON;
D O I
10.1016/j.hal.2015.02.008
中图分类号
Q17 [水生生物学];
学科分类号
071004 ;
摘要
The present study surveyed grazer-induced stimulation of paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) production by the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense. The survey included species, known to graze upon A. fundyense, from five phyla: the protists, Polykrikos kofoidii (Dinoflagellata) and Tiarina fusus (Ciliophora), the bivalve molluscs Mytilus edulis and Mya arenaria (Mollusca), the ascidians, Molgula manhattensis and Botrylloides violaceus (Chordata), and the copepod, Eurytemora herdmani (Arthropoda). Direct (grazers in contact with cells of A. fundyense) and indirect (grazers not in contact with cells of A. fundyense) induction assays were carried out with protists and copepods. Only indirect assays were carried out with molluscs and ascidians. Indirect assays also tested whether induction of PST production occurred via kairomones or feeding-related cues. All metazoan grazers induced PST production. By contrast, neither of the two species of protistan grazer induced PST production. Direct and indirect inductions of PST production were evident for the copepod, with direct induction being significantly higher than indirect induction. Effects upon PST production by phylum, species (nested within phylum), and interactions of phylum by diet, and species by diet, were evident. When induction of PST production occurred, a kairomone effect was apparent, except for M. edulis. Similarly, feeding-related cues were evident, except for E. herdmani. An asymptotic relationship between the magnitude of indirect induction of PST production and total cell ingestion by the grazers suggests a saturation response of grazer-induced PST production. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:20 / 31
页数:12
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