Four decades of China's agricultural extension reform and its impact on agents' time allocation

The Chinese Government has initiated a series of agricultural reforms since the 1970s to encourage agents to provide more services to farmers. In 2006, a new round of agricultural reforms was extended nationwide; however, the effectiveness of these reforms has not been examined. Based on a comparison of survey data sets before and after the reforms, we found that overall they significantly increased the time agents spend on agricultural extension services, although their effectiveness differs among three major components of the reforms. While the financial assurance reform had little impact on agents' time allocation, the administrative reform actually reduced the time allocation to agricultural extension. However, we found strong evidence that the 'three rights' management reform (comprising the rights of personnel, financial and asset management) successfully increased agents' time allocation to agricultural extension services. We also found that institutional incentives and the Government's investment did not increase the time agents spent on agricultural extension. The lack of incentives is a problem that needs to be addressed in future reforms. We found that professional agents spent more time providing extension services than their non-professional counterparts. We suggest that local Governments should avoid recruiting non-professional agents into agricultural extension stations.