Nutritional status between 5-10 years is associated with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes in adolescence

Background Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes including poor nutritional status, deterioration in lung functions, and increased mortality. The association between nutritional status between 5 and 10 years of age and later diagnosis of CFRD is not known. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for our patients with CF between 10 and 18 years. Data was collected at age 5 and 10 years. Comparison made between patients with and without CFRD. Results Two groups were comparable for age and sex. At age 5, groups had no differences in weight, height, and body mass index. At age 10, the CFRD group had a lower body mass index (40.2 +/- 24.7 vs. 61.5 +/- 22.5 percentile, p = 0.02). Spirometry was similar between groups at 5 and 10 years. Patients with CFRD had lower growth velocity (5 +/- 0.9 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.9 cm/year, p = 0.03) and reduced weight gain rate (2.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.2 +/- 1.2 kg/year, p = 0.03) compared to patients without CFRD between 5 and 10 years. Patients with a weight gain less than 2.5 kg/year between 5 and 10 years were nine times more likely to develop CFRD in adolescence (Unadjusted Odds Ratio: 8.9; 95% CI:1.4, 47.2; p = 0.01). Conclusion Patients who later developed CFRD had significantly lower weight gain rate and height growth between 5 and 10 years of age than those without diabetes. Close monitoring of nutritional status in before age 10 years may help identify CF patients at-risk of developing CFRD.