Chicken Manure Biochar as Liming and Nutrient Source for Acid Appalachian Soil

被引:200
作者
Hass, Amir [1 ,2 ]
Gonzalez, Javier M. [2 ]
Lima, Isabel M. [3 ]
Godwin, Harry W. [2 ]
Halvorson, Jonathan J. [2 ]
Boyer, Douglas G. [2 ]
机构
[1] W Virginia State Univ, Gus R Douglass Land Grant Inst, Agr & Environm Res Stn, Institute, WV 25112 USA
[2] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA
[3] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA
关键词
MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ACTIVATED CARBONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BROILER LITTER; ADSORPTION; PYROLYSIS; METALS; GROWTH; OXIDE;
D O I
10.2134/jeq2011.0124
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Acid weathered soils oft en require lime and fertilizer application to overcome nutrient deficiencies and metal toxicity to increase soil productivity. Slow-pyrolysis chicken manure biochars, produced at 350 and 700 degrees C with and without subsequent steam activation, were evaluated in an incubation study as soil amendments for a representative acid and highly weathered soil from Appalachia. Biochars were mixed at 5, 10, 20, and 40 g kg(-1) into a Gilpin soil (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludult) and incubated in a climate-controlled chamber for 8 wk, along with a nonamended control and soil amended with agronomic dolomitic lime (AgLime). At the end of the incubation, soil pH, nutrient availability (by Mehlich-3 and ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid [AB-DTPA] extractions), and soil leachate composition were evaluated. Biochar effect on soil pH was process- and rate-dependent. Biochar increased soil pH from 4.8 to 6.6 at the high application rate (40 g kg(-1)), but was less effective than AgLime. Biochar produced at 350 degrees C without activation had the least effect on soil pH. Biochar increased soil Mehlich-3 extractable micro-and macronutrients. On the basis of unit element applied, increase in pyrolysis temperature and biochar activation decreased availability of K, P, and S compared to nonactivated biochar produced at 350 degrees C. Activated biochars reduced AB-DTPA extractable Al and Cd more than AgLime. Biochar did not increase NO3- in leachate, but increased dissolved organic carbon, total N and P,(PO43-)-P-3, SO42-, and K at high application rate (40 g kg(-1)). Risks of elevated levels of dissolved P may limit chicken manure biochar application rate. Applied at low rates, these biochars provide added nutritional value with low adverse impact on leachate composition.
引用
收藏
页码:1096 / 1106
页数:11
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