This study is dedicated to investigating the dynamics that characterize the interaction between theology and history in the New Testament. To accomplish this goal, the author has chosen, as a test case, the biography of Paul of Tarsus, as it is presented in the letter to the Galatians and in the book of the Acts of the Apostles. Through a comparative analysis of both works, but even more, through the making explicit of the vision inherent in each work, we intend to bring to light how New Testament authors conceive this interaction. Theology emerges, in this way, as a reflection carried out based on a concrete historical experience, in light of Israel's traditions, that receives a particular form as a result of a literary work.