Correlation between serum S100β protein level with neurological deficit in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage

Introduction: S100 beta protein has shown its potential as biomarker of brain injury. However its efficacy is less known in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) cases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between S100 beta protein with neurological deficit, hematoma volume and mortality within 1 week among patients with acute ICH stroke. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate newly admitted 10-1 patients from August 2016 to December 2017. Data regarding vital sign, CT Scan, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and Neurological deficits as ascertained with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were obtained. S100 beta protein measurement was performed from blood samples taken at the admission, 7th day of onset, and from 42 healthy controls. Spearman Rank was performed to assess correlation and ROC curve for diagnostic efficacy. Results: There were 46 ICH patients with 25 men (54.3%) and 42 controls with a median age of 56 (31-76) and 34.5 (21-67) years, respectively. The most common risk factor was hypertension (78,3%). Median onset of acute ICH was 8.5 (0.5-48) hours. Median level of GCS at the admission was 14 (3-15), and the NIHSS was 11.50 (0-37). Serum S100 beta protein correlated significantly with NIHSS (r=0.418; p=0.004). Area Under Cum (AUC) of S100 beta to distinguish degree of neurological deficit was 0.839 +/- 0.103 (95% CI, 0.638-1.000), cutoff level was 28,505 pg/ml with 80% sensitivity and 87.8% specificity (p=0.014). Serum S100 beta protein was also significantly associated with mortality within 1 week (p=0.032) and the hematoma volume (r=0.678; p<0.001). Conclusion: S100 beta protein was significantly correlated with neurological deficits, hematoma volume and mortality within 1 week.