Enkephalins and ACTH in the mammalian nervous system

被引:16
作者
Duque-Diaz, Ewing [1 ]
Alvarez-Ojeda, Olga [2 ]
Covenas, Rafael [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Santander UDES, Sch Med, Lab Neurosci, Bucaramanga, Colombia
[2] Univ Ind Santander, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Bucaramanga, Colombia
[3] Univ Salamanca, Inst Neurosci Castilla & Leon INCYL, Lab Neuroanat Peptiderg Syst, Salamanca, Spain
来源
OPIOID HORMONES | 2019年 / 111卷
关键词
MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE ACTH; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN; RECEPTOR; METHIONINE-ENKEPHALIN; IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS; CORTISOL-LEVELS; MET-ENKEPHALIN; LEUCINE-ENKEPHALIN; DEPENDENT PATIENTS;
D O I
10.1016/bs.vh.2019.05.001
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin belong to the opioid family of peptides, and the non-opiate peptide adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) to the melanocortin peptide family. Enkephalins/ACTH are derived from proenkephalin, pro-dynorphin or pro-opiomelanocortin precursors and, via opioid and melanocortin receptors, are responsible for many biological activities. Enkephalins exhibit the highest affinity for the delta receptor, followed by the mu and kappa receptors, whereas ACTH binds to the five subtypes of melanocortin receptor, and is the only member of the melanocortin family of peptides that binds to the melanocortin-receptor 2 (ACTH receptor). Enkephalins/ACTH and their receptors exhibit a widespread anatomical distribution. Enkephalins are involved in analgesia, angiogenesis, blood pressure, embryonic development, emotional behavior, feeding, hypoxia, limbic system modulation, neuroprotection, peristalsis, and wound repair; as well as in hepatoprotective, motor, neuroendocrine and respiratory mechanisms. ACTH plays a role in acetylcholine release, aggressive behavior, blood pressure, bone maintenance, hyperalgesia, feeding, fever, grooming, learning, lipolysis, memory, nerve injury repair, neuroprotection, sexual behavior, sleep, social behavior, tissue growth and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids. Enkephalins/ACTH are also involved in many pathologies. Enkephalins are implicated in alcoholism, cancer, colitis, depression, heart failure, Huntington's disease, influenza A virus infection, ischemia, multiple sclerosis, and stress. ACTH plays a role in Addison's disease, alcoholism, cancer, Cushing's disease, dermatitis, encephalitis, epilepsy, Graves' disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, podocytopathies, and stress. In this review, we provide an updated description of the enkephalinergic and ACTH systems.
引用
收藏
页码:147 / 193
页数:47
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