Paired Eucalyptus forest catchment study of prescribed fire effects on suspended sediment and nutrient exports in south-eastern Australia

The effect of prescribed fire on suspended sediment and nutrient exports was investigated in two small Eucalyptus forest catchments in south-eastern Australia. In 2005, a patchy, mostly low-severity prescribed fire was applied to both catchments, followed in 2006 by a second burn applied to riparian areas of one catchment, with the other catchment utilised as a control for this burn. Historic pre-fire weekly stream water sampling was combined with post-fire weekly and storm-based sampling to quantify the effect of the fires. The 2005 fire resulted in a significant difference (P = 0.000) in suspended sediment concentrations compared to pre-fire data and generated peak study period suspended sediment (11.5 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) and total phosphorous (0.016 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) exports under near-average rainfall. However, peak suspended sediment exports only slightly exceeded the average annual load from a nearby undisturbed catchment. Well-below-average rainfall in 2006 resulted in lower exports after this burn compared with the 2005 fire. The results highlighted the importance of hydrological conditions for suspended sediment and nutrient exports within the first 12-18 months after prescribed fires, beyond which generally rapid surface vegetation recovery is likely to mitigate any burns effects.