Self-controlled feedback enhances learning in adults with Down syndrome

Background: One factor that has consistently been shown to enhance learning in typical participants is self-controlled practice. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the learning benefits of self-controlled feedback found previously in non-disabled adults would also be found in adults with Down syndrome. Methods: Participants with Down syndrome practiced a linear positioning task. In the self-control group, learners were provided with feedback about the movement outcome at their request. Each participant in the yoked group received the same feedback schedule as their counterpart in the self-control group. Results: Learning was assessed by a retention test, consisting of 10 trials without feedback, one day later. The self-control group demonstrated more effective learning of the task than the yoked group. Conclusion: Self-controlled feedback enhanced motor learning in participants with Down syndrome.