Effect of type 2 diabetes on Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake into liver parenchyma: replication study in human subjects

Purpose Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which specifically taken up by hepatocytes through organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Previous research in mice has shown that type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA into the liver parenchyma, reflecting reduced expression of OATP. Since considerable differences in OATP expression exist between mice and humans, human studies are necessary to clarify the effect of diabetes to Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake. The purpose of this study was to validate the effect of diabetes to Gd-EOB-DTPA liver uptake by a confirmatory study in humans. Methods Patients who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups: severe or uncontrolled diabetic group (patients with insulin therapy and/or HbA1c >= 8.4%) and the control group. Liver-to-spleen ratio (LSR) and relative enhancement of the liver (REL) were calculated to represent Gd-EOB-DTPA liver uptake. Results A total of 94 patients fulfilled the criteria. The severe or uncontrolled diabetic group (n = 15) showed significantly lower LSR (1.74 +/- 0.26 vs. 1.98 +/- 0.31, p = 0.007) and REL (0.69 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.87 +/- 0.31, p = 0.005), compared to the control group (n = 79). Conclusion Our study revealed decreased uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA into liver parenchyma in the severe or uncontrolled diabetic patients. Further studies to determine the impact of the reduced liver enhancement on clinical diagnostic practice will be needed. Graphic abstract