Clinical Impact of Unexpected Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastasis in Surgery for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

Simple Summary Para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis in pancreatic cancer (PC) is regarded as a contraindication to surgical resection. Nevertheless, the prognostic impact of unexpected intraoperative PALN metastasis is not firmly established. This retrospective study aims to analyze the prognostic impact of unexpected PALN metastasis and give insight on what surgeons should consider for patients with unexpected intraoperative PALN metastasis. Radiologically identified para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis is contraindicated for pancreatic cancer (PC) surgery. There is no clinical consensus for unexpected intraoperative PALN enlargement. To analyze the prognostic role of unexpected PALN enlargement in resectable PC, we retrospectively reviewed data of 1953 PC patients in a single tertiary center. Patients with unexpected intraoperative PALN enlargement (group A1, negative pathology, n = 59; group A2, positive pathology, n = 13) showed median overall survival (OS) of 24.6 (95% CI: 15.2-33.2) and 13.0 (95% CI: 4.9-19.7) months, respectively. Patients with radiological PALN metastasis without other metastases (group B, n = 91) showed median OS of 8.6 months (95% CI: 7.4-11.6). Compared with group A1, groups A2 and B had hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.79 (95% CI, 1.4-5.7) and 2.67 (95% CI: 1.8-4.0), respectively. Compared with group A2, group B had HR of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.5-1.9). Multivariable analysis also showed positive PALN as a negative prognostic factor (HR 2.57, 95% CI: 1.2-5.3), whereas positive regional lymph node did not (HR 1.32 95% CI: 0.8-2.3). Thus, unexpected malignant PALN has a negative prognostic impact comparable to radiological PALN metastasis. This results suggests prompt pathologic evaluation for unexpected PALN enlargements is needed and on-site modification of surgical strategy would be considered.