Fully automated organ segmentation in male pelvic CT images

Accurate segmentation of prostate and surrounding organs at risk is important for prostate cancer radiotherapy treatment planning. We present a fully automated workflow for male pelvic CT image segmentation using deep learning. The architecture consists of a 2D organ volume localization network followed by a 3D segmentation network for volumetric segmentation of prostate, bladder, rectum, and femoral heads. We used a multi-channel 2D U-Net followed by a 3D U-Net with encoding arm modified with aggregated residual networks, known as ResNeXt. The models were trained and tested on a pelvic CT image dataset comprising 136 patients. Test results show that 3D U-Net based segmentation achieves mean (+/- SD) Dice coefficient values of 90 (+/- 2.0)%, 96 (+/- 3.0)%, 95 (+/- 1.3)%, 95 (+/- 1.5)%, and 84 (+/- 3.7)% for prostate, left femoral head, right femoral head, bladder, and rectum, respectively, using the proposed fully automated segmentation method.