Search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar Cygnus X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes

被引：13
作者：
Ahnen, M. L. [1 ]
Ansoldi, S. [2 ,3 ,39 ]
Antonelli, L. A. [4 ]
Arcaro, C. [5 ,6 ]
Babic, A. [7 ,8 ,9 ,10 ,11 ]
Banerjee, B. [12 ]
Bangale, P. [13 ]
Barres de Almeida, U. [13 ,40 ]
Barrio, J. A. [14 ]
Becerra Gonzalez, J. [15 ,16 ,41 ,42 ,43 ]
Bednarek, W. [17 ]
Bernardini, E. [18 ,44 ]
Berti, A. [2 ,3 ,45 ]
Bhattacharyya, W. [18 ]
Biasuzzi, B. [2 ,3 ]
Biland, A. [1 ]
Blanch, O. [19 ]
Bonnefoy, S. [14 ]
Bonnoli, G. [20 ,21 ]
Carosi, R. [20 ,21 ]
Carosi, A. [4 ]
Chatterjee, A. [12 ]
Colin, P. [13 ]
Colombo, E. [15 ,16 ]
Contreras, J. L. [14 ]
Cortina, J. [19 ]
Covino, S. [4 ]
Cumani, P. [19 ]
Da Vela, P. [20 ,21 ]
Dazzi, F. [4 ]
De Angelis, A. [5 ,6 ]
De Lotto, B. [2 ,3 ]
de Ona Wilhelmi, E. [22 ]
Di Pierro, F. [5 ,6 ]
Doert, M. [23 ]
Dominguez, A. [14 ]
Prester, D. Dominis [7 ,8 ,9 ,10 ,11 ]
Dorner, D. [24 ]
Doro, M. [5 ,6 ]
Einecke, S. [23 ]
Glawion, D. Eisenacher [24 ]
Elsaesser, D. [23 ]
Engelkemeier, M. [23 ]
Ramazani, V. Fallah [25 ,26 ]
Fernandez-Barral, A. [19 ]
Fidalgo, D. [14 ]
Fonseca, M. V. [14 ]
Font, L. [27 ]
Fruck, C. [13 ]
Galindo, D. [28 ,29 ]
机构：
[1] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[2] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[3] INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[4] INAF Natl Inst Astrophys, Viale Parco Mellini 84, I-00136 Rome, Italy
[5] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[6] INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[7] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
[8] Univ Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
[9] Univ Split, FESB, Split, Croatia
[10] Univ Zagreb, FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
[11] Univ Osijek, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
[12] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Sect 1, 1-AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
[13] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany
[14] Univ Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[15] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
[16] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain
[17] Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland
[18] Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
[19] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
[20] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[21] INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[22] Inst Space Sci CSIC IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[23] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
[24] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
[25] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
[26] Univ Oulu, Astron Div, Oulu 90014, Finland
[27] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Unitat Fis Radiac, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[28] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CERES IEEC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[29] Univ Barcelona, ICC, IEEC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
[30] Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Chiba 2778582, Japan
[31] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan
[32] Tokai Univ, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan
[33] Univ Tokushima, Tokushima 7708501, Japan
[34] Inst Nucl Energy Res, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
[35] Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[36] INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[37] ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[38] Inst Space Sci CSIC IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[39] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan
[40] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis CBPF MCTI, R Dr Xavier Sigaud 150 Urca, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
[41] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[42] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[43] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[44] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[45] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[46] Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
[47] Univ Bologna, INAF Trieste, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
[48] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys & Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
[49] Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England
[50] RAS, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Karachaevo Cher, Russia
来源：
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY | 2017年 / 472卷 / 03期
关键词：
binaries: general; stars: black holes; stars: individual: (HD 226868); gamma rays: general; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual: (Cygnus X-1; CygX-1); X-RAY; ORBITAL MODULATION; RADIO-EMISSION; LOW/HARD STATE; BINARY-SYSTEM; MAJOR UPGRADE; CRAB-NEBULA; VARIABILITY; MODEL; JETS;
D O I：
10.1093/mnras/stx2087
中图分类号：
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号：
0704 ;
摘要：
The microquasar Cygnus X-1 displays the two typical soft and hard X-ray states of a black hole transient. During the latter, Cygnus X-1 shows a one-sided relativistic radio-jet. Recent detection of the system in the high energy (HE; E greater than or similar to 60 MeV) gamma-ray range with FermiLAT associates this emission with the outflow. Former MAGIC observations revealed a hint of flaring activity in the very high-energy (VHE; E greater than or similar to 100 GeV) regime during this X-ray state. We analyse similar to 97 h of Cygnus X-1 data taken with the MAGIC telescopes between July 2007 and October 2014. To shed light on the correlation between hard X-ray and VHE gamma rays as previously suggested, we study each main X-ray state separately. We perform an orbital phase-folded analysis to look for variability in the VHE band. Additionally, to place this variability behaviour in a multiwavelength context, we compare our results with Fermi-LAT, AGILE, Swift-BAT, MAXI, RXTE-ASM, AMI and RATAN-600 data. We do not detect Cygnus X-1 in the VHE regime. We establish upper limits for each X-ray state, assuming a power-law distribution with photon index Gamma = 3.2. For steady emission in the hard and soft X-ray states, we set integral upper limits at 95 per cent confidence level for energies above 200 GeV at 2.6 x 10(-12) photons cm(-2) s(-1) and 1.0 x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1), respectively. We rule out steady VHE gamma-ray emission above this energy range, at the level of theMAGIC sensitivity, originating in the interaction between the relativistic jet and the surrounding medium, while the emission above this flux level produced inside the binary still remains a valid possibility.
引用
收藏
页码：3474 / 3485
页数：12
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