Measuring hotel employee perceived job risk: dimensions and scale development

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of hotel employees' job risk perceptions and develop a measurement scale for this construct. Design/methodology/approach Four studies using a mixed-method design were conducted to develop and validate the scale of hotel employees' perceived job risk (HEPJR). Study 1 identified the dimensions and initial items of HEPJR through a literature review and in-depth interviews. In Study 2, an explanatory factor analysis was perform to refine the preliminary items. Study 3 further refined the HEPJR scale through a confirmatory factor analysis. Study 4 confirmed that HEPJR is a 19-item scale through a cross-validation analysis. Findings A reliable and valid scale was developed to measure the following five dimensions of HEPJR: perceived human, equipment, internal environment, external environment and management risks. HEPJR and its dimensions significantly predict negative safety consequences and negative job satisfaction. Originality/value This scale provides a clear conceptualization and an appropriate measurement tool of HEPJR from a risk-source perspective.