The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Two Saturn-mass planets orbiting active stars

被引：18
|
作者：
Quirrenbach, A. [1 ]
Passegger, V. M. [2 ,3 ]
Trifonov, T. [4 ,5 ]
Amado, P. J. [6 ]
Caballero, J. A. [7 ]
Reiners, A. [8 ]
Ribas, I [9 ,10 ]
Aceituno, J. [6 ,11 ]
Bejar, V. J. S. [12 ,13 ]
Chaturvedi, P. [14 ]
Gonzalez-Cuesta, L. [12 ,13 ]
Henning, T. [4 ]
Herrero, E. [9 ,10 ]
Kaminski, A. [1 ]
Kuerster, M. [4 ]
Lalitha, S. [15 ]
Lodieu, N. [12 ,13 ]
Lopez-Gonzalez, M. J. [6 ]
Montes, D. [16 ,17 ]
Palle, E. [12 ,13 ]
Perger, M. [9 ,10 ]
Pollacco, D. [18 ]
Reffert, S. [1 ]
Rodriguez, E. [6 ]
Rodriguez Lopez, C. [6 ]
Shan, Y. [8 ]
Tal-Or, L. [8 ,19 ]
Zapatero Osorio, M. R. [20 ]
Zechmeister, M. [8 ]
机构：
[1] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Landessternwarte, Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[2] Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany
[3] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, 440 West Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019 USA
[4] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[5] Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Dept Astron, 5 James Bourchier Blvd, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
[6] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astronomia S-N, Granada 18008, Spain
[7] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, ESAC, Camino Bajo del Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain
[8] Georg August Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
[9] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai ICE, Campus UAB,C Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain
[10] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
[11] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman MPG CSIC, Observ Astron Calar Alto, Almeria 04550, Spain
[12] Inst Astrofis Canarias, C Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38205, Spain
[13] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38206, Spain
[14] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany
[15] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
[16] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra & Astrofis, Madrid 28040, Spain
[17] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, IPARCOS UCM Inst Fis Particulas & Cosmos UCM, Madrid 28040, Spain
[18] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England
[19] Ariel Univ, Dept Phys, IL-40700 Ariel, Israel
[20] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Campus INTA,Carretera Ajalvir Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain
来源：
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2022年 / 663卷
关键词：
planets and satellites: detection; planets and satellites: formation; stars: individual: TZ Ari; stars: individual: TYC 2187-512-1; stars: low-mass; techniques: radial velocities; PRECISE RADIAL-VELOCITIES; NEARBY M DWARFS; GIANT PLANET; ROTATION PERIODS; INPUT CATALOG; H-ALPHA; PARAMETERS; JUPITERS; SYSTEMS; SAMPLE;
D O I：
10.1051/0004-6361/202142915
中图分类号：
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号：
0704 ;
摘要：
The CARMENES radial-velocity survey is currently searching for planets in a sample of 387 M dwarfs. Here we report on two Saturn-mass planets orbiting TYC 2187-512-1 (M-* = 0.50 M-circle dot) and TZ Ari (M-* = 0.15 M-circle dot), respectively. We obtained supplementary photometric time series, which we use along with spectroscopic information to determine the rotation periods of the two stars. In both cases, the radial velocities also show strong modulations at the respective rotation period. We thus modeled the radial velocities as a Keplerian orbit plus a Gaussian process representing the stellar variability. TYC 2187-512-1 is found to harbor a planet with a minimum mass of 0.33 M-Jup in a near-circular 692-day orbit. The companion of TZ Ari has a minimum mass of 0.21 M-Jup, orbital period of 771 d, and orbital eccentricity of 0.46. We provide an overview of all known giant planets in the CARMENES sample, from which we infer an occurrence rate of giant planets orbiting M dwarfs with periods up to 2 yr in the range between 2 and 6%. TZ Ari b is only the second giant planet discovered orbiting a host with mass less than 0.3 M-circle dot. These objects occupy an extreme location in the planet mass versus host mass plane. It is difficult to explain their formation in core-accretion scenarios, so they may possibly have been formed through a disk fragmentation process.
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页数：19
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