7-Difluoromethoxyl-5,4′-di-n-octyl genistein inhibits the stem-like characteristics of gastric cancer stem-like cells and reverses the phenotype of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells

7-Difluoromethoxyl-5,4'-di-n-octyl genistein (DFOG), a novel synthetic genistein analogue, exerts anti carcinogenic activity in several types of cancers, including gastric cancer. Accumulating evidence in recent years strongly indicates the existence of cancer stem cells in gastric cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether DFOG inhibits the stemness and reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of gastric cancer stem-like cells (GCSLCs) derived from human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells and to identify its potential mechanism. Sphere-forming cells (SFCs) from the SGC-7901 cells possessed the properties of GCSLCs. DFOG preferentially inhibited self-renewal, cell migration and cell invasion, and downregulated the expression of stem cell biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner. At the molecular level, these effects were accompanied by the downregulation of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1). Meanwhile, FoxMl siRNA transfection was able to synergize the inhibition of expression of FoxMl and Twistl induced by DFOG in GCSLCs. In addition, we found that DFOG treatment decreased the expression of N-cadherin and increased the expression of E-cadherin. More importantly, FoxMl siRNA transfection cooperated with DFOG to suppress the self-renewal capacity, cell migration and cell invasion, and downregulated the expression of CD133, CD44, ALDH1, and also regulated the expression of N-cadherin and E-cadherin. These findings showed that DFOG inhibited the stem-like characteristics of GCSLCs and reversed the EMT phenotype by modulation of FoxM1 and further decreased Twist1 expression. Our results provide a further rationale and experimental basis for using DFOG to improve the efficacy of treatment for patients with gastric cancer.